Factors influencing parents' willingness to vaccinate their preschool children against COVID-19: Results from the mixed-method study in China.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about parental hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccine for preschool children who are the potential vaccinated population in the future. The purpose of this mixed-method study was to explore the factors influencing Chinese parents' decision to vaccinate their children aged 3-6 years old against COVID-19. In July 2021, we conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 19) and a cross-sectional survey (n = 2605) with parents of kindergarten children in an urban-rural combination pilot area in China. According to the qualitative study, most parents were hesitant to vaccinate their children with the COVID-19 vaccine. In the quantitative study, we found that three-fifths of 2605 participants were unwilling to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Furthermore, the main predictors of parents' intention to vaccinate their children were fathers, lower level of education, and positive attitudes toward vaccination. Based on our findings, targeted health education techniques may be able to boost childhood COVID-19 immunization rates.

A network meta-analysis of secondary attack rates of COVID-19 in different contact environments.

As the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues around the world, understanding the transmission characteristics of COVID-19 is vital for prevention and control. We conducted the first study aiming to estimate and compare the relative risk of secondary attack rates (SARs) of COVID-19 in different contact environments. Until 26 July 2021, epidemiological studies and cluster epidemic reports of COVID-19 were retrieved from SCI, Embase, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and CBM in English and Chinese, respectively. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated in pairwise comparisons of SARs between different contact environments using the frequentist NMA framework, and the ranking of risks in these environments was calculated using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Subgroup analysis was performed by regions. Thirty-two studies with 68 260 participants were identified. Compared with meal or gathering, transportation (RR 10.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-77.85), medical care (RR 11.68, 95% CI 1.58-86.61) and work or study places (RR 10.15, 95% CI 1.40-73.38) had lower risk ratios for SARs. Overall, the SUCRA rankings from the highest to the lowest were household (95.3%), meal or gathering (81.4%), public places (58.9%), daily conversation (50.1%), transportation (30.8%), medical care (18.2%) and work or study places (15.3%). Household SARs were significantly higher than other environments in the subgroup of mainland China and sensitive analysis without small sample studies (<100). In light of the risks, stratified personal protection and public health measures need to be in place accordingly, so as close contacts categorising and management.